Is there a clustering of energy transition cooperation between countries?

To contribute to the current global overview on energy transition cooperation, this paper applied SNA analysis to identify the clustering of cooperation between countries in each energy transition component by analysing bilateral and multilateral energy cooperation agreements.

What is energy transition cooperation?

The research covers areas of energy transition cooperation as it typically involves different technologies, materials, and solutions. These include renewable energy, hydrogen and its derivatives, critical minerals, and carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS).

Does CCUS require a new infrastructure for transporting and storing CO2?

CCUS requires an entirely new infrastructure for transporting and storing CO2 is required, which may result in shortages of materials and provoke tension among countries (Hetland, 2014). Recognizing the transforming energy system, this paper reviews the actual state of international cooperation on energy transition.

How do International Relations and foreign policies manage energy interdependence?

International relations and foreign policies are essential to manage energy interdependence as the structure of the interdependence is gradually changing amidst the ongoing energy transition (Tänzler, Oberthür, & Wright, 2020).

Are interstate energy relationships a key economic and foreign policy concern?

International relations (IRs) scholarship has been debating interstate energy relationships: energy transition is considered a key economic and foreign policy concern due to growing environmental disquiet as well as energy security issues in developing countries (Phillips, 2013; Wilson, 2019).

How many countries have energy transition cooperation arrangements?

It should be noted that 293 cooperation arrangements cover 176 constituents beyond the above-mentioned 23 constituents. Since the 22 countries and the EU have cooperation arrangements beyond the 23 constituents, the node includes the other 153 constituents that have energy transition cooperation with 23 constituents.